Species group or ecological function of interest across representative locations.

1. Identify a group of species (may be a mix of taxa) according to an ecological function of interest such as:

● pollination

● predation

● ecosystem engineering

● in situ bioremediation

● water or air biofiltration

 

2. Select at least five representative locations across the city. Follow the examples below or determine another measure of the selected function.

 

3. Measure the function at the representative locations.

Example 1: Pollination services can be estimated by counting the visitation rate of flowers in each location over a given period of time (Fijen and Kleijin, 2017), or the rate of pollinated fruit/seed set in each location.

Example 2: Mosquito predation services can be estimated by placing artificial oviposition habitats for mosquitos in each location and then removing and counting daily egg clutches in the habitat (Reiskind and Wund, 2009).